Lesson 4: Pronouns
1. Independent Nominatives:
| 1 sg = ank, (or) an | |
| 2 m. sg. = at | 2 f. sg. = at |
| 3 m. sg. = hw | 3 f. sg. = hy |
| 3 m .pl. = hm | 3 f. pl. = hn |
2. Oblique Cases:
| 3 m. sg. = hwt | 3 f. sg. = hyt (him! or her! respectively) |
This case is also used in the accusative sense as the case of address meaning honor him! , etc.
3. Possessive:
When a word shows possession, it ends in -y in the 1st person singular. In the 2nd and 3rd person singular the ending is -k (or sometimes -n) or -h (respectively). When a word is a dual the ending is -ny (1st person), -hm (3rd person), -n (1st plural), -km (2nd plural), -hm (3rd plural). When possession is emphatic the independent pronoun may be added (as in Hebrew).
4. Demonstrative Pronoun:
The demonstrative is hnd (this, or these).
5. Personal and Impersonal Pronouns:
Who? and What? are, in Ugaritic, my and mh (respectively). All is kll or kl.
6. Interrogative Pronoun:
The interrogative denotes an object rather than a person; and asks the question, who or what. In Ugaritic, who? is my and what? is mh.
Assignment: Memorize the pronouns above. Write them out and reduplicate them as often as necessary until you know them very well.